Neural Computation
Fall 1989, Vol. 1, No. 3, Pages 321-323
(doi: 10.1162/neco.1989.1.3.321)
Neurogammon Wins Computer Olympiad
Article PDF (135.03 KB)
Abstract
Neurogammon 1.0 is a backgammon program which uses multilayer neural networks to make move decisions and doubling decisions. The networks learned to play backgammon by backpropagation training on expert data sets. At the recently held First Computer Olympiad in London, Neurogammon won the backgammon competition with a perfect record of five wins and no losses, thereby becoming the first learning program ever to win a tournament.