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Selected Title Details  
Jul 1999
ISBN 0262511096
872 pp.
27 illus.
BUY THE BOOK
Zen and the Brain
James H. Austin

"This is a book written with passion and seriousness."
-- Psychoanalytic Books

". . . remarkable in its synthesis of the mystical point of view with the scientific."
-- Bodhi Tree Book Review

Winner of the Scientific and Medical Network 1998 Book Prize

Aldous Huxley called humankind's basic trend toward spiritual growth the "perennial philosophy." According to James Austin, the trend implies a "perennial psychophysiology"--for awakening, or enlightenment, occurs only because the human brain undergoes substantial changes. What are the peak experiences of enlightenment? How could they profoundly enhance, and yet simplify, the workings of the brain? Zen and the Brain summarizes the latest evidence.

The book uses Zen Buddhism as the opening wedge for an extraordinarily wide-ranging exploration of consciousness. In order to understand the brain mechanisms that produce Zen states, one needs some understanding of the anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of the brain. Austin, a neuroscientist and Zen practitioner, interweaves his teachings of the brain with his teachings/personal narrative of Zen. The science, which contains the latest relevant developments in brain research, is both inclusive and rigorous; the Zen sections are clear and evocative. Along the way, Austin covers such topics as similar states in other disciplines and religions, sleep and dreams, mental illness, consciousness-altering drugs, and the social consequences of advanced stages of enlightenment.

More information is available at our book-of-the-month site.

Table of Contents
 Chapters Containing Testable Hypotheses
 List of Figures
 List of Tables
 Preface
 Acknowledgments
 By Way of Introduction
I Starting to Point toward Zen
1 Is There Any Common Ground between Zen and the Brain?
2 A Brief Outline of Zen History
3 But What Is Zen?
4 Mysticism, Zen, Religion, and Neuroscience
5 Western Perspectives on Mystical Experiences
6 Is Mysticism a Kind of Schizophrenia in Disguise?
7 The Semantics of Self
8 Constructing Our Self
9 Some ABCs of the I-Me-Mine
10 The Zen Mirror: Beyond Narcissism and Depersonalization
11 Where Does Zen Think It's Coming From?
II Meditating
12 What Is Meditation?
13 Ryoko-in, Kyoto, 1974
14 Zazen at Ryoko-in
15 Attention
16 The Attentive Art of Meditation
17 Restraint and Renunciation
18 Zen Meditative Techniques and Skills
19 Physiological Changes during Meditation
20 Brain Waves and Their Limitations
21 The EEG in Meditation
22 Breathing In; Breathing Out
23 The Effects of Sensorimotor Deprivation
24 Monks and Clicks: Habituation
25 The Koan and Sanzen: Kyoto, 1974
26 A Quest for Non-Answers: Mondo and Koan
27 The Roshi
28 The Mindful, Introspective Path toward Insight
29 Inkblots, Blind Spots, and High Spots
30 Sesshin and Teisho at Ryoko-in, 1974
31 Sesshin
32 The Meditative Approach to the Dissolution of the Self
III Neurologizing
33 Brain in Overview: The Large of It
34 Brain in Overview: The Small of It
35 Brain in Overview: Coordinated Networks Synthesizing Higher Functions
36 The Orienting Reflex and Activation
37 Arousal Pathways in the Reticular Formation and Beyond
38 Acetylcholine Systems
39 The Septum and Pleasure
40 The Attachments of the Cingulate Gyrus
41 The Amygdala and Fear
42 Remembrances and the Hippocampus
43 Visceral Drives and the Hypothalamus
44 Biogenic Amines: Three Systems
45 GABA and Inhibition
46 Peptides
47 The Brain's Own Opioids
48 Ripples in the Next Cell: Second and Third Messengers
49 The Aplysia Withdraws
50 Matters of Taste
51 The Mouse in Victory and Defeat
52 The Central Gray: Offense, Defense, and Loss of Pain
53 The Third Route: Stress Responses within the Brain
54 The Large Visual Brain
55 Where Is It? The Parietal Lobe Pathway
56 What Is It? The Temporal Lobe Pathway
57 What Should I Do About It? The Frontal Lobes
58 Ripples in Larger Systems: Laying Down and Retrieving Memories
59 The Thalamus
60 The Reticular Nucleus
61 The Pulvinar
62 Higher Mechanisms of Attention
63 Looking, and Seeing Preattentively
64 Laboratory Correlates of Awareness, Attention, Novelty, and Surprise
65 Biological Theories: What Causes Mystical Experiences? How Does Meditation Act?
IV Exploring States of Consciousness
66 Problems with Words: Mind
67 Ordinary Forms of Conscious Awareness
68 Variations on the Theme of Consciousness
69 Alternate States of Consciousness: Avenues of Entry
70 The Architecture of Sleep
71 Desynchronized Sleep
72 Other Perspectives in Dreams
73 Lucid Dreaming
74 Conditioning: Learning and Unlearning
75 Other Ways to Change Behavior
76 The Awakening from Hibernation
77 Tidal Rhythms and Biological Clocks
78 The Roots of Our Emotions
79 The Spread of Positive Feeling States
80 Pain and the Relief of Pain
81 Suffering and the Relief of Suffering
82 Bridging the Two Hemispheres
83 The Pregnant Meditative Pause
V Quickening
84 Side Effects of Meditation: Makyo
85 The Light
86 Bright Lights and Blank Vision
87 Faces in the Fire: Illusions and Hallucinations
88 Stimulating Human Brains
89 The Ins and Outs of Imagery
90 The Tachistoscope
91 The Descent of Charles Darwin: Computer Parallels
92 Bytes of Memory
93 Where Is the Phantom Limb?
94 The Feel of Two Hands
95 The Attentive Cat
96 Emotionalized Awareness without Sensate Loss
97 Seizures, Religious Experience, and Patterns of Behavior
98 The Fleeting Truths of Nitrous Oxide
99 The Roots of Laughter
100 How Do Psychedelic and Certain Other Drugs Affect the Brain?
101 Levels and Sequences of Psychedelic Experiences after LSD
102 The Miracle of Marsh Chapel
103 How Do Psychedelic Drugs Affect Amine Receptors?
104 Near-Death Experiences; Far-Death Attitudes
105 Triggers
106 The Surge
107 First Zen-Brain Mondo
VI Turning In: The Absorptions
108 Vacuum Plenum: Kyoto, December 1974
109 The Leaf: Coda
110 The Semantics of Samadhi
111 The Vacuum Plenum of Absorption: An Agenda of Events to Be Explained
112 The Plunge: Blankness, Then Blackness
113 The Hallucinated Leaf
114 Space
115 The Ascent of Charles Lindbergh: Ambient Vision
116 The Ambient Vision of Meditative Absorption
117 The Sound of Silence
118 The Loss of the Self in Clear, Held Awareness
119 The Warm Affective Tone
120 Motor and Other Residues of Internal Absorption
121 The When and Where of Time
122 Gateway to Paradox
123 Second Zen-Brain Mondo
VII Turning Out: The Awakenings
124 Dimensions of Meaning
125 Authentic Meanings within Wide-Open Boundaries
126 Word Problems: Oneness and Unity
127 How Often Does Enlightenment Occur?
128 A Taste of Kensho: London, 1982
129 What Is My Original Face?
130 Major Characteristics of Insight-Wisdom in Kensho
131 Prajna: Insight-Wisdom
132 Suchness
133 Direct Perception of the Eternally Perfect World
134 The Construction of Time
135 The Dissolution of Time
136 The Death of Fear
137 Emptiness
138 Objective Vision: The Lunar View
139 Are There Levels and Sequences of Nonattainment?
140 Preludes with Potential: Dark Nights and Depressions
141 Operational Differences between Absorption and Insight-Wisdom
142 Reflections on Kensho, Personal and Neurological
143 Selective Mechanisms Underlying Kensho
144 Third Zen-Brain Mondo
VIII Being and Beyond: To the Stage of Ongoing Enlightenment
145 The State of Ultimate Pure Being
146 The Power of Silence
147 Beyond Sudden States of Enlightenment
148 The Exceptional Stage of Ongoing Enlightened Traits
149 Simplicity and Stability
150 An Ethical Base of Zen?
151 Compassion, the Native Virtue
152 Etching In and Out
153 Aging in the Brain
154 The Celebration of Nature
155 Expressing Zen in Action
156 The Other Side of Zen
157 Still-Evolving Brains in Still-Evolving Societies
158 Commentary on the Trait Change of Ongoing Enlightenment
 In Closing
A Introduction to the Heart Sutra
B Selections from Affirmation of Faith in Mind
C Suggested Further Reading
 Glossary
 References and Notes
 Source Notes
 Index
 
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