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Jul 1994
ISBN 0262531224
519 pp.
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From Animals to Animats 3
Dave Cliff , Philip Husbands , Jean-Arcady Meyer and Stewart W. Wilson

From Animals to Animats 3 brings together research intended to advance the frontier of an exciting new approach to understanding intelligence. The contributors represent a broad range of interests from artificial intelligence and robotics to ethology and the neurosciences. Unifying these approaches is the notion of "animat" -- an artificial animal, either simulated by a computer or embodied in a robot, which must survive and adapt in progressively more challenging environments. The 58 contributions focus particularly on well-defined models, computer simulations, and built robots in order to help characterize and compare various principles and architectures capable of inducing adaptive behavior in real or artificial animals.

Topics include:

  • Individual and collective behavior.
  • Neural correlates of behavior.
  • Perception and motor control.
  • Motivation and emotion.
  • Action selection and behavioral sequences.
  • Ontogeny, learning, and evolution.
  • Internal world models and cognitive processes.
  • Applied adaptive behavior.
  • Autonomous robots.
  • Heirarchical and parallel organizations.
  • Emergent structures and behaviors.
  • Problem solving and planning.
  • Goal-directed behavior.
  • Neural networks and evolutionary computation.
  • Characterization of environments.

Table of Contents
 Preface
 The Animat Approach to Adaptive Behavior
1 From SAB90 to SAB94: Four Years of Animat Research
by Jean-Arcady Meyer and Agnès Guillot
2 Mechanism and Process in Animal Behavior: Models of Animals, Animals as Models
by Herbert L. Roitblat
3 Coherent Behavior from Many Adaptive Processes
by Rodney A. Brooks
4 Stability in Adaptation and Learning
by Jean-Jacques E. Slotine
 Perception and Motor Control
5 Modeling the Role of Cerebellum in Prism Adaptation
by Michael A. Arbib, Nicolas Schweighofer and W. T. Thach
6 Robotic Experiments in Cricket Phonotaxis
by Barbara Webb
7 How to Watch Your Step: Biological Evidence and an Initial Model
by Patrick R. Green
8 On Why Better Robots Make it Harder
by Tim Smithers
9 Insect Vision and Olfaction: Different Neural Architectures for Different Kinds of Sensory Signal?
by d. Osorio, Wayne M. Getz and Jürgen Rybak
10 The Interval Reduction Strategy for Monitoring Cupcake Problems
by Paul R. Cohen, Marc S. Atkin and Eric A. Hansen
11 Visual Control of Altitude and Speed in a Flying Agent
by Fabrizio Mura and Nicolas Franceschini
 Action Selection and Behavioral Sequences
12 What Is Cognitive and What Is Not Cognitive?
by Frederick Toates
13 Action-Selection in Hamsterdam: Lessons from Ethology
by Bruce Blumberg
14 Behavioral Dynamics of Escape and Avoidance: A Neural Network Approach
by Nestor A. Schmajuk
15 Organizing an Animat's Behavioural Repertoires Using Kohonen Feature Maps
by Nigel Ball
16 Action Selection for Robots in Dynamic Environments through Inter-behaviour Bidding
by Michael K. Sahota
 Motivation and Emotion
17 An Hierarchical Classifier System Implementing a Motivationally Autonomous Animat
by Jean-Yves Donnart and Jean-Arcady Meyer
18 Using Second Order Neural Connections for Motivation of Behavioral Choices
by Gregory M. Werner
 Internal World Models and Cognitive Processes
19 Spatial Learning and Representation in Animats
by Tony J. Prescott
20 Location Recognition in Rats and Robots
by William D. Smart and John Hallam
21 Emergent Functionality in Human Infants
by Julie C. Rutkowska
22 Connectionist Environment Modelling in a Real Robot
by William Chesters and Gillian Hayes
23 A Hybrid Architecture for Learning Continuous Environmental Models in Maze Problems
by A. G. Pipe, T. C. Fogarty and A. Winfield
24 A Place Navigation Algorithm Based on Elementary Computing Procedures and Associative Memories
by Simon Benhamou, Pierre Bovet and Bruno Poucet
25 Self-Organizing Topographic Maps and Motor Planning
by Pietro Morasso and Vittorio Sanguineti
26 The Effect of Memory Length on the Foraging Behavior of a Lizard
by Sharoni Shafir and Jonathan Roughgarden
 Characterization of Environments
27 The Blind Breeding the Blind: Adaptive Behavior without Looking
by Peter M. Todd, Stewart W. Wilson, Anil B. Somayaji and Holly A. Yanco
28 Memoryless Policies: Theoretical Limitations and Practical Results
by Michael L. Littman
 Learning
29 A Comparison of Q-Learning and Classifier Systems
by Marco Dorigo and Hugues Bersini
30 Paying Attention to What's Important: Using Focus of Attention to Improve Unsupervised Learning
by Leonard N. Foner and Pattie Maes
31 Learning Efficient Reactive Behavioral Sequences from Basic Reflexes in a Goal-Directed Autonomous Robot
by José del R. Millá
32 The Importance of Leaky Levels for Behavior-Based AI
by Gregory M. Saunders, John F. Kolen and Jordan B. Pollack
33 A Topological Neural Map for On-line Learning: Emergence of Obstacle Avoidance in a Mobile Robot
by Philippe Gaussier and Stephane Zrehen
34 Reinforcement Tuning of Action Synthesis and Selection in a 'Virtual Frog'
by Simon Giszter
35 Achieving Rapid Adaptations in Robots by Means of External Tuition
by Ulrich Nehmzow and Brendan McGonigle
36 Two-Link-Robot Brachiation with Connectionist Q-Learning
by Fuminori Saito and Toshio Fukuda
37 An Architecture for Learning to Behave
by Ahsley M. Aitken
38 Reinforcement Learning for Homeostatic Endogenous Variables
by Hugues Bersini
39 An Architecture for Representing and Learning Behaviors by Trial and Error
by Pascal Blanchet
40 A Distributed Adaptive Control System for a Quadruped Mobile Robot
by Bruce L. Digney and M. M. Gupta
41 Reinforcement Learning with Dynamic Covering of State-Action Space: Partitioning Q-Learning
by Rémi Munos and Jocelyn Patinel
42 The Five Neuron Trick: Using Classical Conditioning to Learn How to Seek Light
by Tom Scutt
43 Adaptation in Dynamic Environments through a Minimal Probability of Exploration
by Gilles Venturini
 Evolution
44 Integrating Reactive, Sequential, and Learning Behavior Using Dynamical Neural Networks
by Brian Yamauchi and Randall Beer
45 Seeing The Light: Artificial Evolution, Real Vision
by Inman Harvey, Phil Husbands and Dave Cliff
46 Evolution of Corridor Following Behavior in a Noisy World
by Craig W. Reynolds
47 Protean Behavior in Dynamic Games: Arguments for the Co-Evolution of Pursuit-Evasion Tactics
by Geoffrey F. Miller and Dave Cliff
48 Automatic Creation of an Autonomous Agent: Genetic Evolution of a Neural-Network Driven Robot
by Dario Floreano and Francesco Mondada
49 The Effect of Parasitism on the Evolution of a Communication Protocol in an Artificial Life Simulation
by Phil Robbins
 Collective Behavior
50 Towards Robot Cooperation
by David McFarland
51 A Case Study in the Behavior-Oriented Design of Autonomous Agents
by Luc Steels
52 Learning to Behave Socially
by Maja J. Mataric
53 Signalling and Territorial Aggression: An Investigation by Means of Synthetic Behavioural Ecology
by Peter de Bourcier and Michael Wheeler
54 Integration of Reactive and Telerobotic Control in Multi-agent Robotic Systems
by Ronald C. Arkin and Khaled S. Ali
55 MINIMEME: Of Life and Death in the Noosphere
by Stéphane Bura
56 Learning Coordinated Motions in a Competition for Food between Ant Colonies
by Masao Kubo and Yukinori Kakazu
 Applied Adaptive Behavior
57 Emergent Colonization and Graph Partitioning
by Pascale Kuntz and Dominique Snyers
58 Diversity and Adaptation in Populations of Clustering Ants
by Erik D. Lumer and Baldo Faieta
 Author Index
 
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