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Apr 1993
ISBN 0262631490
536 pp.
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From Animals to Animats 2
Jean-Arcady Meyer , Herbert L. Roitblat and Stewart W. Wilson

"The animat approach is attractive not just as a way of developing and testing theories of biological systems. It also constitutes an approach to the design of practical artificial systems, in particular robots, which, it is hoped, will overcome many of the limitations of more conventional methods within artificial intelligence and engineering. The interplay between biological and engineering concerns and the commonality between research from both perspectives is one of the most promising aspects of animat research and is an intriguing theme throughout the book."
-- The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (review of the first proceedings volume)

More than sixty contributions in From Animals to Animats 2 by researchers in ethology, ecology, cybernetics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and related fields investigate behaviors and the underlying mechanisms that allow animals and, potentially, robots to adapt and survive in uncertain environments. Jean-Arcady Meyer is Director of Research, CNRS, Paris. Herbert L. Roitblat is Professor of Psychology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Stewart W. Wilson is a scientist at The Rowland Institute for Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Table of Contents
 Preface
 The Animat Approach to Adaptive Behavior
1 Behavior-Based Artificial Intelligence
by Pattie Maes
2 Environment Structure and Adaptive Behavior from the Ground Up
by Peter M. Todd and Stewart W. Wilson
3 Evolutionary Wanderlust: Sexual Selection with Directional Mate Preferences
by Geoffrey F. Miller and Peter M. Todd
4 Designing Efficiently Navigating Non-Goal-Directed Robots
by Rolf Pfeifer and Paul F. M. J. Verschure
 Perception and Motor Control
5 Anuran Visuomotor Coordination for Detour Behavior: From Retina to Motor Schemas
by Michael A. Arbib and Hyun Bang Lee
6 Artificial Neural Nets for Controlling a 6-Legged Walking System
by Holk Cruise, Uwe Müller-Wilm and Jeffrey Dean
7 A Neural Network Based Behavior Hierarchy for Locomotion Control
by Sunil Cherian and Wade O. Troxell
8 A Qualitative Dynamical Analysis of Evolved Locomotion Controllers
by John C. Gallagher and Randall D. Beer
9 Neuronal Parameter Maps and Signal Processing
by Richard A. Altes
10 Representation and Processing of Acoustic Information in a Biomimetic Neural Network
by Herbert L. Roitblat, Patrick W. B. Moore, David A. Helweg and Paul E. Nachtigall
11 An Integrated Computational Model of a Perceptual-Motor System
by William R. Uttal, Thomas Shepherd, Sriram Dayanand and Robb Lovell
12 Reactive Behaviors of Fast Mobile Robots in Unstructured Environments: Sensor-based Control and Neural Networks
by R. Zapata, P. Lépinay, C. Novales and P. Deplanques
13 The Adaptive Nature of 3D Perception
by Allen Brookes
14 Propulsion and Guidance in a Simulation of the Worm C. Elegans
by Ralph Hartley
15 A Simple, Cheap, and Robust Visual Navigation System
by Ian Horswill
 Action Selection and Behavioral Sequences
16 The Use of Hierarchies for Action Selection
by Toby Tyrrell
17 Two Methods for Hierarchy Learning in Reinforcement Environments
by Mark Ring
18 Should I Stay or Should I Go: Coordinating Biological Needs with Continuously-updated Assessments of the Environment
by Liane M. Gabora
19 Extensions of the Associative Control Process (ACP) Network: Hierarchies and Provable Optimality
by Leemon C. Baird III and A. Harry Klopf
20 Behavior Networks and Force Fields for Simulating Spinal Reflex Behaviors of the Frog
by Simon Giszter
21 The Ariadne's Clew Algorithm
by Emmanuel Mazer, Juan Maneul Ahuactzin, El-Ghazali Talbi and Pierre Bessiere
22 Dynamic Selection of Action Sequences
by Feliz Ribeiro, Jean-Paul Barthès and Eugéenio Oliveira
23 Planning Simple Trajectories Using Neural Subgoal Generators
by Jürgen Schmidhuber and Reiner Wahnsiedler
24 A Note on Rate-Sensitive Habituation
by J. E. R. Staddon
 Cognitive Maps and Internal World Models
25 Categorization, Representations, and the Dynamics of System-Environment Interaction: A Case Study in Autonomous Systems
by Paul F. M. J. Verschure and Rolf Pfeifer
26 A Directional Spreading Activation Network for Mobile Robot Navigation
by David Kortenkamp and Eric Chown
27 Memorizing and Representing Route Scenes
by Saburo Tsuji and Shigang Li
28 Building Long-range Cognitive Maps using Local Landmarks
by Tony J. Prescott and John E. W. Mayhew
29 Dynamics of Spatial Navigation: An Adaptive Neural Network
by Nestor A. Schmajuk and H. T. Blair
 Learning
30 Modeling Nervous System Function with a Hierarchical Network of Control Systems that Learn
by A. Harry Klopf, James S. Morgan and Scott E. Weaver
31 An Optimization-based Categorization of Reinforcement Learning Environments
by Michael L. Littman
32 Reinforcement Learning with Hidden States
by Long-Ji Lin and Tom M. Mitchell
33 Efficient Learning and Planning within the Dyna Framework
by Jing Peng and Ronald J. Williams
34 Increasing Behavioural Repertoire in a Mobile Robot
by Ulrich Nehmzow, Tim Smithers and Brendand McGonigle
35 Learning Biped Robot Obstacle Crossing
by Thomas Ulrich Vogel
36 Learning to Control an Autonomous Robot by Distributed Genetic Algorithms
by Marco Colombetti and Marco Dorigo
37 Temporary Memory for Examples Can Speed Learning in a Simple Adaptive System
by Lawrence Davis, Stewart Wilson and David Orvosh
38 Implementing Inner Drive through Competence Reflection
by Alexander Linden and Frank Weber
39 Dynamic Flight Control with Adaptive Coarse Coding
by Bruce E. Rosen and James M. Goodwin
40 Learning via Task Decomposition
by Josh Tenenberg, Jonas Karlsson and Steven Whitehead
 Evolution
41 Neural Networks with Motivational Units
by Federico Cecconi and Domenico Parisi
42 Evolutionary Learning of Predatory Behaviors Based on Structured Classifiers
by Hitoshi Iba, Hugo de Garis and Tetsuya Higuchi
43 Issues in Evolutionary Robotics
by Inman Harvey, Philip Husbands and Dave Cliff
44 Evolving Visually Guided Robots
by Dave Cliff, Philip Husbands and Inman Harvey
45 An Evolved, Vision-Based Behavioral Model of Coordinated Group Motion
by Craig W. Reynolds
46 Evolution of Herding Behavior in Artificial Animals
by Gregory M. Werner and Michael G. Dyer
47 An Evolutionary Approach to Cognition
by Dwight Deugo and Franz Oppacher
48 Emergence of Nest-Based Foraging Strategies in Ecosystems of Neural Networks
by Dario Floreano
49 Evolving Hardware with Genetic Learning: A First Step Towards Building a Darwin Machine
by Tetsuya Higuchi, Tatsuya Niwa, Tosho Tanaka, Hitoshi Iba, Hugo de Garis and Tatsumi Furuya
50 Evolving Artificial Insect Brains for Artificial Compound Eye Robotics
by Luis R. Lopez and Robert E. Smith
 Collective Behavior
51 Designing Emergent Behaviors: From Local Interactions to Collective Intelligence
by Maja J. Mataric
52 Adaptive Action Selection for Cooperative Agent Teams
by Lynne E. Parker
53 From Tom Thumb to the Dockers: Some Experiments with Foraging Robots
by Alexis Drogoul and Jacques Ferber
54 Collective Robotic Intelligence
by C. Ronald Kube and Hong Zhang
55 Collective Choice of Strategic Type
by Chisato Numaoka and Akikazu Takeuchi
56 An Adaptive Communication Protocol for Cooperating Mobile Robots
by Holy Yanco and Lynn Andrea Stein
57 Dimensions of Communication and Social Organization in Multi-agent Robotic Systems
by Ronald C. Arkin and J. David Hobbs
58 Evolution of Trading Strategies Among Heterogeneous Artificial Economic Agents
by Andrea Beltratti and Sergio Margarita
59 Action Selection and Learning in Multi-Agent Environments
by Gerhard Weiss
 One-Page Summaries
60 Structure from Associative Learning
by John H. Andreae, Shuan W. Ryan and Mark L. Tomlinson
61 The Roots of Motivation
by Christian Balkenius
62 Learning Continuous-Space Navigation Heuristics in Real Time
by Gregory D. Benson and Armand Prieditis
63 The Adaptive Power of Affect: Learning in the SESAME Architecture
by Eric Chown
64 Model of a Behaviour Based Control Architecture
by Luís Correia and A. Steiger-Garção
65 Comparing Robot and Animal Behavior
by Bridget Hallam and Gillian Hayes
66 An Embodied Neurally-based Algorithm for Optimal Action Selection
by Owen Holland and Martin Smith
67 Why Should We Build Artificial Worms and How?
by Oded Maler
68 Creative Perception
by M. A. Rodrigues and M. H. Lee
69 Collective Behavior of Silicon Microrobots
by Isao Shimoyama, Toshio Watanabe, Yoshihiko Kuwana and Hirofumi Miura
70 An Analog VLSI Model of Central Pattern Generation in the Medicinal Leech
by Micah S. Siegel
 Author Index
 
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