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Abstract:
Virtual reality (VR) provides immersive and controllable
experimental environments. It expands the bounds of possible evoked
potential (EP) experiments by providing complex, dynamic
environments in order to study cognition without sacrificing
environmental control. Unfortunately, a more complex and "natural"
VR environment can encourage eye movement as well as other kinds of
artifact. We discuss problems with EP work in a virtual environment
and how they can be overcome in the context of an experiment to
detect EP's at red, green, and yellow stoplights in a virtual
driving environment. Experimental results show the existence of the
P3 EP at green/red lights and the contingent negative variation
(CNV) EP at yellow lights. Since VR serves as a safe dynamic
testbed for brain-computer interface (BCI) research, we looked at
detecting the existence of the P3 EP at red lights and the absence
of this signal at yellow lights. We present off- and on-line single
trial recognition results and show that the P3 may successfully be
used to control the brakes of a VR car at stoplights with an
average accuracy of 84.5\%
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