Alterations of the vibratory, articulatory, or resonance system consequent to traumatic injury or the treatment of disease can significantly alter the functions of both voice and speech, and potentially deglutition and swallowing. In some instances, subsequent changes to the larynx and oral peripheral system may be relatively minor and without substantial consequence to the individual. In other instances these changes may result in dramatic alteration of one or more anatomical structures necessary for normal voice and speech production, in addition to other oral functions. Traumatic injury and surgical treatment for disease also may affect isolated structures of the peripheral speech mechanism, or may have more widespread influences on entire speech subsystems (e.g., articulatory, velopharyngeal) and the related structures necessary for competent and effective verbal communication.